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・ Helen Gourlay
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・ Helen Grace Scott Keenan
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・ Helen Graham (The Tenant of Wildfell Hall)
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Helen Duncan
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・ Helen Dunmore
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・ Helen Duval
・ Helen Dyer
・ Helen E. Grenga
・ Helen E. Haines
・ Helen E. Hoens
・ Helen E. Hokinson
・ Helen Eadie
・ Helen Edmundson
・ Helen Edwards
・ Helen Elele
・ Helen Elizabeth Nash


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Helen Duncan : ウィキペディア英語版
Helen Duncan

Victoria Helen McCrae Duncan (25 November 1897 – 6 December 1956) was a Scottish medium best known as the last person to be imprisoned under the British Witchcraft Act of 1735. She was famous for producing fraudulent ectoplasm made from cheesecloth.〔Georgess McHargue. (1972). ''Facts, Frauds, and Phantasms: A Survey of the Spiritualist Movement''. Doubleday. pp. 90–92. ISBN 978-0385053051〕〔Renée Haynes. (1982). ''The Society for Psychical Research 1882–1982: A History''. MacDonald & Co. p. 144. ISBN 978-0356078755 "An investigation by Harry Price and other members of the Society for Psychical Research, to which he belonged at the time, showed that she certainly did use cheesecloth on occasion."〕〔Ruth Paley, Simon Fowler. (2005). ''Family Skeletons: Exploring the Lives of our Disreputable Ancestors''. The National Archives. p. 220. ISBN 978-1903365540 "Price revealed that Duncan's ectoplasmic manifestations were pieces of cheesecloth that Duncan swallowed and regurgitated at will."〕〔Mary Roach. (2007). ''Six Feet Over: Adventures in the Afterlife''. Canongate books. pp. 122–130. ISBN 978-1847670809〕
==Early life==
(Victoria) Helen MacFarlane was born in Callander, Perthshire on 25 November 1897, the daughter of a slater. At school, to the distress of her mother (a member of the Presbyterian church), she alarmed her fellow pupils with her dire prophecies and hysterical behaviour.〔 In 1916 she married Henry Duncan, a cabinet maker and wounded war veteran, who was supportive of her supposed supernatural talents. In 1926 she developed from clairvoyant to medium by offering séances in which she claimed to summon the spirits of recently deceased persons by emitting ectoplasm from her mouth. A mother of six, she also worked part-time in a bleach factory.

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